java8里新特性之一 stream，非常的好用，就是容易忘了怎么写了，下面来总结一下
声明：代码来自尚硅谷官网上下载的java8视频教程
创建Stream
//1. 创建 Stream
@Test
public void test1() {
//1. Collection 提供了两个方法 stream() 与 parallelStream()
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
Stream<String> stream = list.stream(); //获取一个顺序流
Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream(); //获取一个并行流
//2. 通过 Arrays 中的 stream() 获取一个数组流
Integer[] nums = new Integer[10];
Stream<Integer> stream1 = Arrays.stream(nums);
//3. 通过 Stream 类中静态方法 of()
Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
//4. 创建无限流
//迭代
Stream<Integer> stream3 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 2).limit(10);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
//生成
Stream<Double> stream4 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(2);
stream4.forEach(System.out::println);
}
对Stream进行中间操作
//2. 中间操作
List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66),
new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99),
new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55)
);
/*
筛选与切片
filter——接收 Lambda ， 从流中排除某些元素。
limit——截断流，使其元素不超过给定数量。
skip(n) —— 跳过元素，返回一个扔掉了前 n 个元素的流。若流中元素不足 n 个，则返回一个空流。与 limit(n) 互补
distinct——筛选，通过流所生成元素的 hashCode() 和 equals() 去除重复元素
*/
//内部迭代：迭代操作 Stream API 内部完成
@Test
public void test2() {
//所有的中间操作不会做任何的处理
Stream<Employee> stream = emps.stream()
.filter((e) -> {
System.out.println("测试中间操作");
return e.getAge() <= 35;
});
//只有当做终止操作时，所有的中间操作会一次性的全部执行，称为“惰性求值”
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
//外部迭代
@Test
public void test3() {
Iterator<Employee> it = emps.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
@Test
public void test4() {
emps.stream()
.filter((e) -> {
System.out.println("短路！"); // && ||
return e.getSalary() >= 5000;
}).limit(3)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void test5() {
emps.parallelStream()
.filter((e) -> e.getSalary() >= 5000)
.skip(2)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void test6() {
emps.stream()
.distinct()
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
映射, 排序
//2. 中间操作
/*
映射
map——接收 Lambda ， 将元素转换成其他形式或提取信息。接收一个函数作为参数，该函数会被应用到每个元素上，并将其映射成一个新的元素。
flatMap——接收一个函数作为参数，将流中的每个值都换成另一个流，然后把所有流连接成一个流
*/
@Test
public void test1() {
Stream<String> str = emps.stream()
.map((e) -> e.getName());
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
List<String> strList = Arrays.asList("aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd", "eee");
Stream<String> stream = strList.stream()
.map(String::toUpperCase);
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
Stream<Stream<Character>> stream2 = strList.stream()
.map(TestStreamAPI1::filterCharacter);
stream2.forEach((sm) -> {
sm.forEach(System.out::println);
});
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
Stream<Character> stream3 = strList.stream()
.flatMap(TestStreamAPI1::filterCharacter);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
}
public static Stream<Character> filterCharacter(String str) {
List<Character> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (Character ch : str.toCharArray()) {
list.add(ch);
}
return list.stream();
}
/*
sorted()——自然排序
sorted(Comparator com)——定制排序
*/
@Test
public void test2() {
emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.sorted()
.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
emps.stream()
.sorted((x, y) -> {
if (x.getAge() == y.getAge()) {
return x.getName().compareTo(y.getName());
} else {
return Integer.compare(x.getAge(), y.getAge());
}
}).forEach(System.out::println);
}
查找与匹配
List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66, Status.BUSY),
new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99, Status.FREE),
new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33, Status.VOCATION),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.BUSY),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.FREE),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.FREE),
new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55, Status.BUSY)
);
//3. 终止操作
/*
allMatch——检查是否匹配所有元素
anyMatch——检查是否至少匹配一个元素
noneMatch——检查是否没有匹配的元素
findFirst——返回第一个元素
findAny——返回当前流中的任意元素
count——返回流中元素的总个数
max——返回流中最大值
min——返回流中最小值
*/
@Test
public void test1() {
boolean bl = emps.stream()
.allMatch((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.BUSY));
System.out.println(bl);
boolean bl1 = emps.stream()
.anyMatch((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.BUSY));
System.out.println(bl1);
boolean bl2 = emps.stream()
.noneMatch((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.BUSY));
System.out.println(bl2);
}
@Test
public void test2() {
Optional<Employee> op = emps.stream()
.sorted((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary(), e2.getSalary()))
.findFirst();
System.out.println(op.get());
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Optional<Employee> op2 = emps.parallelStream()
.filter((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.FREE))
.findAny();
System.out.println(op2.get());
}
@Test
public void test3() {
long count = emps.stream()
.filter((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.FREE))
.count();
System.out.println(count);
Optional<Double> op = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getSalary)
.max(Double::compare);
System.out.println(op.get());
Optional<Employee> op2 = emps.stream()
.min((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary(), e2.getSalary()));
System.out.println(op2.get());
}
//注意：流进行了终止操作后，不能再次使用
@Test
public void test4() {
Stream<Employee> stream = emps.stream()
.filter((e) -> e.getStatus().equals(Status.FREE));
long count = stream.count();
stream.map(Employee::getSalary)
.max(Double::compare);
}
归约和收集
List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
new Employee(102, "李四", 79, 6666.66, Status.BUSY),
new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99, Status.FREE),
new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33, Status.VOCATION),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.BUSY),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.FREE),
new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77, Status.FREE),
new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55, Status.BUSY)
);
//3. 终止操作
/*
归约
reduce(T identity, BinaryOperator) / reduce(BinaryOperator) ——可以将流中元素反复结合起来，得到一个值。
*/
@Test
public void test1() {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
Integer sum = list.stream()
.reduce(0, (x, y) -> x + y);
System.out.println(sum);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
Optional<Double> op = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getSalary)
.reduce(Double::sum);
System.out.println(op.get());
}
//需求：搜索名字中 “六” 出现的次数
@Test
public void test2() {
Optional<Integer> sum = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.flatMap(TestStreamAPI1::filterCharacter)
.map((ch) -> {
if (ch.equals('六'))
return 1;
else
return 0;
}).reduce(Integer::sum);
System.out.println(sum.get());
}
//collect——将流转换为其他形式。接收一个 Collector接口的实现，用于给Stream中元素做汇总的方法
@Test
public void test3() {
List<String> list = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
list.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
Set<String> set = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
set.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
HashSet<String> hs = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
hs.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void test4() {
Optional<Double> max = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getSalary)
.collect(Collectors.maxBy(Double::compare));
System.out.println(max.get());
Optional<Employee> op = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.minBy((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary(), e2.getSalary())));
System.out.println(op.get());
Double sum = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.summingDouble(Employee::getSalary));
System.out.println(sum);
Double avg = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Employee::getSalary));
System.out.println(avg);
Long count = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.counting());
System.out.println(count);
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");
DoubleSummaryStatistics dss = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Employee::getSalary));
System.out.println(dss.getMax());
}
//分组
@Test
public void test5() {
Map<Status, List<Employee>> map = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Employee::getStatus));
System.out.println(map);
}
//多级分组
@Test
public void test6() {
Map<Status, Map<String, List<Employee>>> map = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Employee::getStatus, Collectors.groupingBy((e) -> {
if (e.getAge() >= 60)
return "老年";
else if (e.getAge() >= 35)
return "中年";
else
return "成年";
})));
System.out.println(map);
}
//分区
@Test
public void test7() {
Map<Boolean, List<Employee>> map = emps.stream()
.collect(Collectors.partitioningBy((e) -> e.getSalary() >= 5000));
System.out.println(map);
}
//
@Test
public void test8() {
String str = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getName)
.collect(Collectors.joining(",", "----", "----"));
System.out.println(str);
}
@Test
public void test9() {
Optional<Double> sum = emps.stream()
.map(Employee::getSalary)
.collect(Collectors.reducing(Double::sum));
System.out.println(sum.get());
}